မူလစာမ်က္ႏွာ၊ ကဗ်ာ၊ဟာသ၊ ၀တၳဳ၊ ေဆာင္းပါး၊ ခရီးသြား၊ ခံစားမႈ၊ ဘာသာျပန္

Sunday, November 16, 2014

ဝမ္းေျမာက္စကားႏွင့္ ႏႈိးေဆာ္တုိက္တြန္းလႊာ


16.11.14 Sunday အမ်ိဳးသားေန႔က ေက်ာက္ပန္းေတာင္းၿမိဳ႕၊ စိတၱပါလဂူေက်ာင္းစာသင္တုိက္မွာ ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ေျမာက္၊ အာစရိယပူေဇာ္ပြဲတြင္ စာခ်ဆရာေတာ္ဦးမာဃိႏၵေရးသားဖတ္ၾကားသြားေသာ ဝမ္းေျမာက္စကားနဲ႔ ႏိႈးေဆာ္တုိက္တြန္းလႊာကုိ သေဘာက်၍ မွတ္တမ္းတင္ထားလိုက္သည္။
ဝမ္းေျမာက္စကားႏွင့္ ႏႈိးေဆာ္တုိက္တြန္းလႊာ
       ေက်ာက္ပန္းေတာင္းၿမိဳ႕၊ ေအာင္မဂၤလာရပ္ကြက္၊ စိမ္းလန္းစိုေျပ ေကာင္းဒီေတာင္ေျခ ရင္းမွာတည္ရွိတဲ့ စိတၱပါလဂူေက်ာင္းစာသင္တုိက္မွာ ပညာရည္ႏုိ႔ေသာက္စုိ႔ခဲ့ဖူးၾကတဲ့ အနီး အေဝးအနယ္နယ္၊ အရပ္ရပ္ကေန  ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ အာစရိယပူေဇာ္ပြဲကုိ ၾကြေရာက္ လာၾကတဲ့ ညီေတာ္၊ ေနာင္ေတာ္၊ သံဃာေတာ္အရွင္သူျမတ္တုိ႔ဘုရား.......။
          အခုလုိ ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ အာစရိယပူေဇာ္ပြဲကုိ စိတ္ေရာကုိယ္ပါဝမ္းေျမာက္စြာနဲ႔ ကိုယ္တုိင္ကုိယ္က် ၾကြေရာက္လာၾကတဲ့အတြက္ ဘုရားတပည့္ေတာ္ ေဖာ္မျပတတ္ေအာင္ ဝမ္းသာၾကည္ႏူးျဖစ္မိပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔တစ္ေတြဟာ ဒီေနရာ၊ ဒီဌာနမွာ ေက်းဇူးေတာ္ရွင္ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးေတြ ရဲ႕ အရိပ္အာဝါသကုိ ခိုလႈံၿပီး ပရိယတၱိစာေပေတြကုိလည္း သင္ယူခြင့္ရခဲ့ပါတယ္ဘုရား။ ဆရာ ေတာ္ႀကီးရဲ႕ မေမ့ႏုိင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ ရင္ထဲမွာ စြဲက်န္သြားေစႏုိင္တဲ့ ဆုိဆုံးမဩဝါဒေတြကုိ လည္း ခံယူခြင့္ရခဲ့ပါတယ္ဘုရား။ ဒါ့အျပင္ ဝိနည္းအရာမွာ လိမၼာကၽြမ္းက်င္ ပညာရွင္ပီသစြာနဲ႔ တပည့္မ်ားေရွ႕မွာ စံျပအျဖစ္ ေနထုိင္က်င့္သုံးသြားေတာ္မူခဲ့တာကုိလည္း ဖူးေျမာ္ၾကည္ညိဳခြင့္ ရခဲ့တဲ့အတြက္ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔အဖုိ႔ စံနမူနာေကာင္းေတြကုိ အားက်အတုယူခြင့္ေတြ ရခဲ့ပါ တယ္။ အဲဒီ စံနမူနာေကာင္းေတြ၊ ဩဝါဒေတြရဲ႕ေအာက္မွာ လူလားေျမာက္ခဲ့ရသည့္အတြက္ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔တစ္ေတြဟာ ေလာက၊ သာသနာ ဌာနႏွစ္ျဖာမွာ တင့္တယ္စြာေနထုိင္ႏုိင္ ၾကတယ္လုိ႔လည္း  ထင္ျမင္ယူဆမိပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးခ်မွတ္ခဲ့တဲ့လမ္းစဥ္ေတြကုိ စဥ္ဆက္မျပတ္ေအာင္ ေဆာင္႐ြက္ေနတဲ့ အခုလက္ရွိ အပူေဇာ္ခံဆရာေတာ္မ်ားကလည္း ဘုရားတပည့္ေတာ္နဲ႔ အခုၾကြေရာက္လာၾက တဲ့ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားကုိ ပရိယတၱိပညာေတြ သင္ၾကားေပးခဲ့တဲ့့အျပင္ ရဟန္းပရိသတ္၊ လူပရိ သတ္အလယ္မွာ ဝိနည္းေတာ္နဲ႔အညီ သြားလာေနထုိင္တတ္ေအာင္္  ဆုိဆုံးမဩဝါဒေတြ၊ အႏု သာသနကထာေတြကုိ ေဟာေျပာျပသဆုိဆုံးမလ်က္ရွိတာကုိလည္း တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔အားလုံး ဖူးေျမာ္ျမင္ေတြ႔ေနၾကရပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          ဒါေၾကာင့္မုိ႔ ေက်းဇူးေတာ္ရွင္ ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးမ်ားရဲ႕ ေက်းဇူးေတာ္အနႏၱကုိ ဘုရား တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ တပည့္မ်ားအေနနဲ႔ သုံးႏွစ္တစ္ႀကိမ္ အာမိသပူဇာ၊ ဓမၼပူဇာႏွစ္မ်ိဳးတုိ႔နဲ႔ ေက်းဇူး ဆပ္ခြင့္၊ ပူေဇာ္ခြင့္ရခဲ့ရတာကို ဘုရားတပည့္ေတာ္ႏွင့္ ၾကြေရာက္လာၾကတဲ့ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ား ႏွင့္ သာသနာ့ႏြယ္ဝင္သီလရွင္မ်ားပါမက်န္ အလြန္႔အလြန္ ဝမ္းသာၾကည္ႏူးေနရမွာပါဘုရား။
          ကတညဳတ-ကတေဝဒီ စကားလုံးႏွစ္လုံးကို အရွင္ဘုရားတုိ႔လည္း တတ္သိနားလည္ ၿပီးသားမုိ႔ အထူးအက်ယ္ခ်ဲ႕ၿပီး ေလွ်ာက္ထားဖြယ္မလုိဘူးလုိ႔ ထင္ျမင္မိပါတယ္ဘုရား။ အထူး ေလွ်ာက္ထားဖြယ္ မလုိေသာ္လည္းပဲ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ ငယ္ဘဝကုိ ျပန္လည္စဥ္းစားၾကည့္ ေစခ်င္ပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ဘဝေတြဟာ သစ္ပင္ေတြ၊ ငွက္ေတြနဲ႔ တူပါတယ္ဘုရား။ သစ္တစ္ ပင္ရဲ႕ အကုိင္းအခက္၊ အသီးအပြင့္ေတြ စည္ပင္ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးတုိးတက္လာရတာဟာ ေရေသာက္ျမစ္ ေတြ ေကာင္းခဲ့လုိ႔ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ငွက္ေတြဟာလည္း အေတာင္မစုံေသးခင္မွာ မိခင္ရဲ႕ရင္ေငြ႔ကုိ ခုိလႈံၿပီး ရွင္သန္ႀကီးထြားၾကရပါတယ္။ အေတာင္စုံမွ လုိရာကုိ ျပန္သန္းသြားၾကပါတယ္။ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔တစ္ေတြလည္းပဲ သစ္ပင္မ်ား၊ ငွက္မ်ားလုိပါပဲဘုရား။ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ဘဝ ေအာင္ျမင္မႈအသီးအပြင့္အခက္အလက္ေတြနဲ႔ ေဝဆာလွပေစရန္ ပရိယတၱိစာေပရဲ႕ အေျခခံ ေရေသာက္ျမစ္ျဖစ္တဲ့ ပရိတ္ႀကီး၊ ဝိနည္း၊ သဒၵါ၊ သၿဂၤ ိဳလ္၊ ညဝါစတာေတြကုိလည္း  သင္ၾကား ခြင့္ရခဲ့ပါတယ္ဘုရား။ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ဘဝ အေတာင္မစုံေသးခင္မွာ ေက်းဇူးရွင္ဆရာေတာ္ ႀကီးေတြရဲ႕ေႏြးေထြးတဲ့ ေမတၱာ၊ က႐ုဏာရင္ေငြ႕ေတြရဲ႕ေအာက္မွာ ခုံလႈံခဲ့ရပါတယ္ဘုရား။ ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးေတြရဲ႕ နည္းနာနိႆယေတြနဲ႔ ရွင္သန္ႀကီးထြားလာၿပီး အေတာင္စုံေတာ့ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ လုိရာကုိ ပ်ံသန္းခြင့္ရခဲ့တယ္ဆုိတာကုိ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔အားလုံး သေဘာ ေပါက္နားလည္ၾကတယ္လုိ႔ ထင္ျမင္ပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          အဲသလုိမ်ိဳး တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ ငယ္ဘဝျဖစ္စဥ္နဲ႔ ႀကီးလာတဲ့အခါ ေတြ႕ႀကံဳလာရတဲ့ ျဖစ္ စဥ္ေတြကုိ ႏႈိင္းယွဥ္ၿပီးျမင္လာတတ္ၿပီဆုိရင္ ေက်းဇူးရွင္ဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးေတြနဲ႔ အခုလက္ရွိ အပူေဇာ္ခံဆရာေတာ္ေတြရဲ႕ ဂုဏ္ေက်းဇူးေတြကုိ ဆပ္လုိ႔ကုန္မွာမဟုတ္ဘူးဆုိတာ ဘုရား တပည့္ေတာ္ ရဲရဲႀကီးေျပာရဲပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          အာစရိယပူေဇာ္ပြဲကုိ ကုိယ္တုိင္ကိုယ္က် ၾကြေရာက္လာၾကတဲ့ ညီေတာ္၊ ေနာင္ေတာ္ မ်ားဘုရား......။ ေက်းဇူးေတာ္ရွင္ဆရာသမားေတြ လက္ဆင့္ကမ္းသယ္ေဆာင္လာခဲ့တဲ့ ဗုဒၶ ျမတ္စြာ သာသာနာေတာ္ႀကီးဟာ ယခုအခါ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ပခုံးေပၚ လႊဲေျပာင္းေရာက္ရွိ လာပါၿပီဘုရား။ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔လက္ထဲေရာက္လာတဲ့ သာသနာေတာ္ႀကီးကုိ ေနလုိ၊ လလုိ ထြန္းလင္းေတာက္ပလာေစရန္ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔မွာ ႀကိဳးစားရမယ့္တာဝန္ေတြ ကိုယ္စီရွိၾကပါ တယ္ဘုရား။
          ေခတ္ကလည္း သိပၸံေခတ္ဆုိေတာ့ အရွင္ဘုရားတုိ႔ သိတဲ့၊ ျမင္တဲ့အတုိင္းပါပဲဘုရား။ အရာရာဟာ မယုံႏိုင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ တုိးတက္ေျပာင္းလဲေနပါတယ္။ အဖက္ဖက္က တုိး တက္ေျပာင္းလဲေနတဲ့ အခုလုိေခတ္ႀကီးမွာ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ သာသနာေတာ္ႀကီးကုိ ေခတ္ စနစ္ေတြနဲ႔အညီ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲႏုိင္ေအာင္၊ ကိုယ့္ရပ္ကိုယ့္႐ြာမွာ ကိုယ့္သာသနာကုိ ဘယ္လုိ ထြန္းကားေအာင္ ေဆာင္႐ြက္ရင္ ေကာင္းမလဲ၊ ဘယ္လုိပုဂၢိဳလ္ေတြကုိ သာသနာေတာ္မွာ ေပ်ာ္ ပုိက္ေအာင္ေမြးျမဴရင္ ေကာင္းမလဲ၊ ဘယ္လုိစီမံအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ရင္ ေကာင္းမလဲ၊ တပည့္ေတာ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ မ်ိဳးဆက္သစ္ေတြကုိ ဗုဒၶစာေပေတြနဲ႔ ရင္းႏွီးေအာင္ ဘယ္လုိျပဳစုပ်ိဳးေထာင္ရင္ ေကာင္းမလဲလုိ႔ ႀကံစည္စဥ္းစားေဆာင္႐ြက္ေစလုိပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          အနာဂတ္သာသနာေတာ္ႀကီး စည္ပင္ဖုိ႔အေရးေတြကုိ အခ်ိန္ေတြ မေႏွာင္းေသးခင္မွာ သာသနာအေရး ကုိယ့္အေရးလုိ႔ ေယာနိေသာမနသီကာရႏွလုံးသြင္းမွန္ကန္စြာနဲ႔ ႀကံစည္စဥ္း  စားၿပီး အလုပ္လုပ္ဖုိ႔ကုိလည္း ဘုရားတပည့္ေတာ္ တုိက္တြန္းႏႈိးေဆာ္ပါတယ္ဘုရား။
          နိဂုံးခ်ဳပ္အေနနဲ႔ စိတၱပါလႏြယ္ဖြား ညီေတာ္၊ ေနာင္ေတာ္မ်ားနဲ႔ သာသနာ့ႏြယ္ဝင္ သီလရွင္ဆရာေလးမ်ားပါမက်န္ သိႆာႏုသိႆနိကာယအသင္းႀကီးမွာ ပုိတာေတြ ရွိရင္ ပယ္ႏုတ္ၿပီး လုိအပ္တာေတြရွိရင္လည္း အႀကံဥာဏ္မ်ားေပးၾကဖုိ႔နဲ႔ ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ အာစရိယပူေဇာ္ပြဲမွာ မျပည့္စုံတာေလးေတြရွိရင္လည္း သည္းခံခြင့္လြတ္ၾကဖုိ႔ ေလွ်ာက္ထား ရင္းနဲ႔ လာမယ့္ ၁၃၇၉ ခုႏွစ္၊ တတိယအႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ အာစရိယပူေဇာ္ပြဲမွာ ျပန္လည္ဆုံ ေတြ႔ၾကပါစုိ႔လုိ႔ ဆႏၵျပဳရင္း......တပည့္ေတာ္ရဲ႕ ဝမ္းေျမာက္စကားနဲ႔ ႏိႈးေဆာ္တုိက္တြန္းလႊာကုိ နိဂုံးခ်ဳပ္ပါတယ္ဘုရား။     
   
           

Saturday, September 21, 2013

THE COMING OF DAYWAW



            A NIGHT-WATCHMAN, whose duty was to guard some cattle, sat in his little hut. As the roof of the hut was full of holes and the sky was dark with rain clouds he feared he would get soaked to the skin, and grumbled to himself, 'If the Thief comes I can deal with him. If the Tiger comes, I can deal with him also. But if Daywaw comes, I shall be ruined, I shall be destroyed.'

            Now, unknown to the Watchman, there was a Thief hiding on the roof of the hut, and a Tiger hiding underneath the floor. They were hoping that the Watchman would become drowsy and fall asleep so not know that the Tiger was there, nor did the Tiger suspect the presence of the Thief. The Thief did not know that 'Daywaw' was Pali for 'rain', and wondered to himself, 'Who is this mighty Daywaw that the watchman is afraid of?' The Tiger also did not know and wondered to himself, 'Who is this mighty Daywaw, that the watchman is afraid of?'
            Rain fell down in torrents with peals of thunder. The Thief jumped down from the roof in fear, and the Tiger rushed out from underneath the floor. And it happened that the Thief fell astride the Tiger's back. The Thief thought that the Tiger was Daywaw, who was now carrying him to his den to be eaten, and the Tiger thought that it was Daywaw who was astride his back. In fear the Tiger gripped the neck of the Tiger, and the Tiger ran on and on, thinking that Daywaw was trying to break his neck. The whole night the Tiger ran round and round the forest with the Thief on his back. When the first streak of light appeared, the Thief realized that he was on the back of a Tiger. Seeing a tree with a hollow trunk the Thief jumped off from the Tiger's back, and after climbing the tree he slid into the hollow trunk.

            The Tiger ran on , shouting at the top of his voice 'Roughrider Daywaw is here! Roughrider Daywaw is here!' He ran on, until he was stopped by the Monkey.
            'What ails you, friend?' asked the Monkey, and the Tiger narrated his adventure. The Monkey, however, did not believe that there was any Roughrider Daywaw, and requested the Tiger to take him to the tree where Daywaw was supposed to be hiding. So the Monkey went with the Tiger to the tree, and sniffed round it. He admitted that there was someone in the tree-trunk, and proposed to wait, for, he pointed out, that someone would have to come out sooner or later for food. The Tiger became a little bolder, and agreed to keep the Monkey company. So the two friends sat down with their backs against the tree. Now there were two small holes in the tree-trunk, and through them the Thief put out his hands. With one hand he gave a pull at the Monkey's tail, and with the other he gave a poke at the Tiger's back. The two animals jumped up in fright, 'Roughrider-Daywaw-Pull-a-Tail-and-Poke-a-Back is here! 'Roughrider-Daywaw-Pull-a-Tail-and-Poke-a-Back is here!'

            They ran on, until they were stopped by the Rabbit, who, after listening to their story, asked to be taken to the tree, as he did not believe that there was any Roughrider-Daywaw-Pull-a-Tail-and-Poke-a-Back. So the three animals went back to the tree. In the meantime, the Thief had come out of the trunk, and was standing right at the top of the tree, for he wanted to have a good view of the surrounding country to find out his bearings. When he saw the Tiger and the Monkey and the Rabbit underneath him, he thought that the wise Rabbit had come back to eat him up. So he trembled and shook with fear and, losing his balance, he fell down right on top of the animals. The Thief ran away in one direction, and the three animals in another shouting at the top of their voices, 

'Roughrider-Daywaw-Pull-a-Tail-and-Poke-a-Jumper-on-our-Heads is here! 'Roughrider-Daywaw-Pull-a-Tail-and-Poke-a-Jumper-on-our-Heads is here!

(I tell some stories to the Grade 6, 7 and 8 students when they are bored. I get three results telling the stories. First I have to read, second they improve their listening skill and increase new vocabulary for them. I often take the stories from Maung Htin Aung's Burmese Folk Tales.)



Wednesday, July 10, 2013


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      Ak'¨bmomjzpfp tar&duefZeD;armifESH a';Apfrufo½l;ESifh rpöpf'Dem&SD,mwkdY&JU &ifxJrSvIdufvSJpGm ajymqkdcJh aom pum;rsm;ukd jyefvnfMum;a,mifaerdonf/ rsuf&nfrsm;&pf0Jaeaom olwkdYykH&dyfrsm;u raeYwpfaeYutvm; tawG;tm½kHxJ xif&Sm;pGm ay:vmonf/ olwYkdESifh uE´DNrdKUwGif wwd,tBudrfajrmuf t*Fvdyfpm txl;rGrf;rH oifwef;wufcJhpOfu awGUqkHcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYu {nfhonfawmftjzpf vma&mufullnD oifMum;ay;cJhMujcif; jzpfonf/
      xkdoifwef;ukd tar&duefAk'¨bmomZeD;armifESH rpöwmuifESifh rpöpf0domcgwkdYu OD;pD;zGifhvSpfoifMum; ay;jcif;jzpfonf/ oifwef;umvrSm 2011-ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 10-&ufaeYrS 24-&ufaeYtxdjzpfonf/ q&mBuD;wYkd ZeD;armifESHonf 1988-ckESpfu pwifNyD; Buddhist Relief Mission toif;ukd wnfaxmifum Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;'ku©onfrsm;tm; tpm;taomuf? aexkdifa&;? usef;rm;a&; ponfwkdYudk ,aeYwkdif ulnD ay;vsuf&Sdygonf/ (550)Zmwfawmfrsm;udkvnf; t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;om;xkwfa0xm;onf/ pma&;olwkdY jrefrm&[ef;awmf tyg;(30)ukd t*Fvdyfpm t&nftcsif; ppfaq;ac:,lum aeYpOfqGrf;uGrf;wm0ef,lí oifwef; yYkdcsay;onf/ tar&duefEkdifiHrS taumif;qkH;½kyf&Sifum;rsm;ukdvnf; A[kokw&ap&ef jyoay;onf/ avhvma&; c&D;rsm;ukdvnf; tukeftuscHí pDpOfay;onf/
      pma&;olwkdYtzGJUukd pG,fawmfwkduf? a'*gvfa'g½k0 (Degaldoruwa) *'va'ed, (Gadaladeniya)ESifh vuFmwdvu (Lankatilaka) [laom a&S;a[mif;bk&m;ausmif;awmfrsm;okdY avhvma&;c&D; pDpOfay;cJhonf/ pG,fawmfwkdufonf urÇmausmfMum;NyD; vlodrsm;onf/ a'*gvfa'g½k0paom a&S;a[mif;okH;ae&mukdrl vlodenf; ao;onf/
      q&mBuD;rpöwmuifu rdrdwkdYudk 17? 1? 2011- &ufaeYu xkda&S;a[mif;okH;ae&mokdY ykdYaqmifay;NyD; eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDrsm;? yef;ykvuf&mrsm;? Adokum'DZdkif;rsm;ukd aocsmavhvmaponf/ a';Apfrufo½l;ESifh rpöpf'Dem &SD,mwkdYvnf; pma&;olwdkYESifhtwl vkdufygavhvmMuonf/
      a'*gvfa'g½k0bk&m;ausmif;awmfudk bk&if&mZm"d&mZoD[u at'D 1771- ckESpfwGif wnfaqmufcJhonf/ uE´DNrdKUESifh ig;uDvdkrDwma0;aom trkEk*gr (Amunugama) &Gmav;ab;wGif wnf&Sdonf/ ay (40) eD;yg;&Sdaom ausmufwkH;BuD;ukd cGJí vdkPf*ljyKvkyfum twGif;ü bk&m;ausmif;aqmufvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ *lt0if0ukd tcef;okH; cef;zGJYxm;aom wpfxyftkwfwkdufuav;jzifh qufoG,faqmufvkyfxm;onf/ avScg;ajc&if;wGif vjcrf;ykH ausmufjym; (Moonstone) wpfckESifh 'Gg&ygv(Guardstone) wpfck &Sdonf/
      pma&;olwkdYa&mufoGm;aomcg ukd&ifi,fwpfyg;u aomh,lvmNyD; wHcg;zGifhay;onf/ ausmif;aqmifxJwGif avsmif;awmfrl Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfBuD; wpfql? xkdifawmfrlwpfqlESifh &yfawmfrlESpfql&Sdonf/ eH&Hrsm;wGif (550) Zmwf awmfrsm;? oD&dvuFmEkdifiH&Sd Ak'¨bmomESifhywfoufí xif&Sm;aom (16) ae&m? t&G,frsKd;pHk? 'DZdkif;rsKd;pkH MumyGifhrsm; ukd awGU&onf/ Zmwfawmfrsm;wGif owåKboåZmwf? r[moDv0Zmwf? r[mokwaomrZmwfESifh a0óEÅ&mZmwf yef;csDrsm;rSm avhvmolrsm;\ tm½kHukd tzrf;pm;EkdifqkH; jzpfonf/ a0óEÅ&mZmwfwGif tvSLcHrsm;\ ukd,fae[ef rsm;ESifh rsufESmrsm;ukd ykHpHrsKd;pkHjzifh azmfjyxm;onf/ 0okE¨a&ewfonf nmvufukd qefYwef;NyD; b,fvufrS yef;pkdufxm;aom a&tkd;av;ukd ajr§mufxm;onf/ ovGefay:wGif vJavsmif;aeaom r,fawmfrm,m\ txufwGif jcifaxmifwpfckudk awGY&onf/ xl;qef;onfrSm oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif ,aeYacwf tokH;jyKaeaomjcifaxmifESifh wpfykHpHwnf;jzpfonf/ txl;jcm;qkH;rSm tay:rsufESmusufrS rm&fewfESifh vufeufrsKd;pHk udkifaqmifxm;aom ol\ ppfwyfBuD;jzpfonf/ rm&fewfBuD;onf qifajymifMuD;ukd pD;xm;NyD; ol\vufukd;cku "m;ukd;acsmif;ukd ukdifxm;onf/ rsufESmrSm ig;ckjzpfonf/ xkdyef;csDum;onf oD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif tajymifajrmufqkH; yef;csDum;wpfck jzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/ xkdYtjyif &mrm,PESifh bDvl;rsm; ppfxkd;cef;uvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSonf/ 0wfpm;wefqmqif,ifrIrsm;rSm ay:wl*Drsm; tkyfcsKyfcJhcsdefukd xif[yfapjyD; ta&SUESifhtaemuf,Ofaus;rI aygif;pyf xm;rIukd azmfjyaeonf/ 
      eHeuf (10)em&DcGJcefYwGiff q&mBuD;wkdYu oifwef;wnf&Sd&m (BPS) pmtkyfwkdufokYd jyefvnfyifhaqmifum aeYqGrf;qufuyfvSL'gef;onf/ aeYvnf(1)em&DwGif uE´DjrdKUpGefwGif wnf&Sdaom *'va'ed,ESifh vuFmwdvu bk&m;ausmif;rsm;odkY ykdYaqmifay;onf/ *'va'ed, bk&m;ausmif;awmfrSm ausmufjym;MuD;ay:wGif wnfaqmufxm; aom [dE´Lbk&m;ausmif;ykHpH wpfxyfwkdufjzpfonf/ uE´Dbk&if av;qufajrmuf bk0aPuAm[k (Buwanekabahu IV) u at'D 1344-ckESpfwGif wnfaqmuffcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ Adokumynm&Sifrsm;pGm yg0ifcJhonf/ xkdtxJwGif ta&;ygaom Adokumynm&SifwpfOD;rSm tddE´d,awmifykdif;om; *aeqG&&S&D (Ganesvarachari) jzpfonf/ okdYjzpfí tEkynmvuf&mrSm  tdE´d,awmifykdif;vuf&m qefoGm;onf[k qkdMuonf/ tvkyform;rsm;ukd wkdif;wpfyg;rS ac:aqmifcJhykH&onf[k cefYrSef;Muonf/ ausmif;aqmifukd ,cktcg *'va'ed,[k vlodrsm;aomfvnf; ausmufpm wpfckwGif "r®udwdå0d[m&[k a&;xkd;xm;onfukd awGU&onf/ *'va'ed,[lonf xdkbk&m;ausmif;wnf&Sd&m &Gmwpf &Gm\trnf jzpfonf/ ausmif;aqmif\ykHpHrSm [dE´Lbk&m;ausmif;aqmifESifh wpfykHpHwnf; jzpfonf/
      bk&m;ausmif;qif0ifaqmif&Sd ausmufwkdifrsm;? eH&Hrsm;? avScg;xpfrsm;wGif ewf½kyfrsm;? uacsonfrsm;? qiff½kyf? jrif;½kyfrsm;ukd awGU&onf/ uacsonfwkdY\ uaeykHrsm;rSm ,aeYacwfuuGufrsm;ESifh tawmfqifwlonf/ ausmif;aqmifxJ&Sd ru&f;(Makara)½kyf<uatmufwGif ay:wl*Drsm;\ zsufqD;xm;jcif;cH&aom xkdifawmfrlqif;wkawmf wpfql&Sdonf/ &yfawmfrl½kyfyGm;awmf av;qlvnf; &Sdonf/ ru&f;BuD;onf yg;pyfBuD;NzJum vQmESpfbufukd bk&m; ½kyfyGm;awmf\ vufarmif;wpfzufwpfcsufpDodkY wGJvsm;csxm;onf/ xkdvQmESpfbufukd [oFmESpfaumifu wpfzufpD rsKdxm;onf/ [oFmrsm;ESifh ru&f;yg;pyftMum; vQmjym;ay:wGif jcaoFh? yl;? "m;ukdifxm;ol paomt½kkyfrsm;ukd awGU&onf/
      xkdYaemuf rdrdwkdYtzGJUonf vuFmwdvubk&m;ausmif;odkY qufvufxGufcGmcJhMuonf/ vuFmwdvuodkY a&mufaomtcg rufo½ll;ESifh 'DemwkdYa&m? rdrdwkdYyg &ifoyf½Iarm&av\/ ausmif;aqmifESifh ¤if;\ aemufcH½Icif; rsm;rSm a&muf&Sdvmoltm;vkH;ukd ae&mrSrcGmEkdifavmufatmif qGJaqmifrI&Sdav\/ jymvJhvJh rIdif;ndKUndKU rkd;om;rsm; atmufwGif awmifpOfawmifwef;MuD;ESifh v,fuGif;jyifrsm;rSm MunfEl;qGwfysHU vGrf;armzG,f&mtwd jzpfae\/ þ½Icif;rsKd;rSm jrifuGif;us,f (Panorama) ½Icif;rsdK;jzpfaMumif; a';Apfrufo½l;ESifh 'DemwkdYu &Sif;jyonf/ vuFmwdvuausmif;aqmifonf vSyaom½Icif;rsm;ukd aemufcHjyKum ukef;jrifhjrifhay:wGif xD;wnf;BuD;&Sdaeonf/ 0ef;usifwpfckvkH;rSm wdwfqdwfNyD; jidrfoufat;csrf;aeonf/ ta0;wGif vSrf;jrif&aom rIdif;ndKUndKU awmifwef;BuD; ay:rS [kdwpfpk'Dwpfpk jyefYusJaeaom &Gmav;rsm;ukd jrif&aomtcg pma&;ol csif;awmifay:wGif omoemjyKpOfu ykH&dyfrsm;ukd jyefvnfjrifa,mif vGrf;armaerdonf/
      wpfarQmfwpfac:½Icif;BuD;ukd Munfhaecdkuf awmifatmufausmufavS;cg;xpfrS qif[mvukd&ifi,f wpfyg; onf aomhwGJukdifum wufvmNyD; ausmif;aqmif0ifaygufwHcg;udk zGifhay;av\/ xkdausmufavScg;onf awmif atmufajc&Sd&GmESifh ausmif;aqmif\ t"du0ifaygufukd qufoG,fxm;onf/ ausmif;aqmifrSm wHcg;ayguf av; ayguf &Sdonf/ ausmif;aqmifteD;wGif NcHpnf;½kd;cwfxm;aom ausmufpmjym;BuD; wpfckudkawGU&onf/ yuwd ausmufjym;BuD;ay:wGif xGif;xka&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ tu©&mrsm;rSm ,aeacwfoD&dvuFmEkdifiHwGif tokH;jyKae aom tu©&mESifh twlwlyif jzpfonf/ þae&m0ef;usif&Sd 0wåuv,fajr  (432){uESifh 4if;v,fajrrsm;ay:wGif vkyfudkifaeMuaom &Gmaygif;(10)&GmwkdY\ pm&if;jzpfonf[k od&onf/ v,fvkyfolrsm;u rdrdwkdY&&SdonfhtxJrS xuf0ufukd ausmif;wdkufa&&SnfwnfwHha&;twGuf ausmif;xdkifq&mawmftm; ay;vSL&onf/ ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf tqufqufonf ausmif;wdkufudkqufcHrnfh (odkYr[kwf) yxrqkH;&[ef;cHay;onfh wynhf&[ef;udk vTJajymif;ay;& onf/
      þausmif;aqmifudkvnf; uE´Dbk&ifav;yg;ajrmufbk0aPuAm[k (Buwanekabahu IV)                       uyif at'D 1344-ckESpfwGifyif wnfaqmufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ydkíxl;qef;onfrSm jyefYjyL;nDnmrIr&Sdaom ausmufwHk; BuD; ay:wGif bk&ifu tvkyform;rsm;udk twif;t"r®apckdif;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&ifbk0aPuAm[konf *rfaygv NrdKUukd rif;aejynfawmftjzpf a&G;cs,fcJhol jzpffonf/ *rfaygvacwfwGif tkyfcsKyfcJhol rif;ig;yg;wdkYu ,Ofaus;rI tEkynmrsm;ukd wkd;wufatmif aqmif&GufcJhMuonf[k qkdonf/ ausmif;aqmifykHpHrSm wpfxyfwkdufjzpfNyD; tkwf<uyf rsm;jzifh okH;qifhrkd;í bkHokH;qifh ykHpHjyKvkyfxm;onf/ rlvu av;xyf&SdNyD; ay:wl*De,fcsJUrsm;\ zsufqD;rIaMumifh ,cktcg wpfxyfom usef&Sdawmhonf/ ausmif;aqmifeH&Hrsm;wGif AdokumvufpGrf;jyxm;aom qif½kyfrsm;? jcL;yef; jcL;EG,frsm;? pkvpfrGrf;cRefrsm;jzifh wefqmqifxm;onf/ plV0Housrf;t& pwkw¬ajrmuf y&uúrAm[k (at'D 1412-67) u aemufxyfjyifqifrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf[k od&onf/ xkdrif;onf aygavme½k0wGif emrnfwl vuFmwdvu trnfjzifh ausmif;aqmifwpfckudk aqmufvkyfcJhao;onf/  
      ausmif;aqmift0if avScg;ajc&if;wGif yuwdausmufom;rsm;ukd xGif;xkxm;aom vjcrf;ykH ausmufjym; wpfcsyf&Sdonf/ 0ifayguftxufwGif ru&awm&Pac: ru&f;½kyfBuD;wpfckukd awGU&onf/  ausmif;aqmifxJwGif xkdifawmfrl Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;wpfqlukd awGU&onf/ ½kyfyGm;awmfBuD;txufwGif *'va'ed,ausmif;aqmifwGif awGUcJh&onfh ykHpHtwdkif; ru&f;½kyfBuD;udk awGU&onf/ okdY&mwGif ,ckawGU&aom ru&f;½kyfrSm aq;a&mifrsm; jc,fxm;jcif;aMumifh ydkíxif&Sm;onf/ teDa&mifukd rsm;pGmoHk;xm;NyD; jzL? 0g? jym? rD;cdk;a&mifrsm;jzifh jc,foxm;&m ½kyfwkrsm;rSm vGefpGmtouf0ifvSonf/ ru&f;½kyfBuD;txufwGif [dE´Lbmomü xif&Sm;aom ewf½kyfrsm;pGmukd >ywfodyfaeatmif xGif;xkxm;onf/ ab;0J,meH&Hrsm;wGif yGifhawmfrlNyD;aom ESpfusdyf&Spfqlbk&m;rsm;? owå|me ckESpf ae&mESifh oD&dvuFmEkdifiH&Sd Ak'¨bmomESifh ywfoufí xif&Sm;aom(16)ae&mwkdYukd eH&Haq;a&;yef;csDrsm;jzifh ykHazmf xm;onf/ ESpfusdyf&Spfqlbk&m;rsm;\ aemufausm&Sd opfyifrsm;udk aAm"dyif? oajyyif? 0g;½kHyifponfjzifh olYqkdif&m tyifrsm;ukd aumufaMumif;yef;csDrsm;jzifh ykHazmfxm;onf/
      ausmif;aqmif&Sd opfom;jywif;aygufrsm;? wHcg;rsm;ukd yef;uEkwfrsm;jzifh vSypGm tuGufazmfxm;onf/ þae&modkY ukdvHbkd-uE´Dvrf;rSjzpfap? uE´D-*rÜ[mvrf;rSjzpfap a&muf&SdEdkifonf/ ay&ma'ed,NrdKUESifh (12) uDvkd rDwm uGma0;onf/ trfbufaua'0gvD (Embekke Devale)ESifh a'g*efa0v (Doganwela) ausmif;aqmif wkdYrSmvnf; ykHpHwlvuf&mrsm;jzpfonf[k qkdMuonf/ Adokumvuf&mrsm;rSm *smAm;wGif awGU&aom wrD;vf? em'k? qE´D? oD*oD& vuf&mrsm;ESifh wlonf[k qdkMuonf/ þausmif;aqmifav;ckvkH;rSmyif AdóEkd;? emx? uwå&*gr [laom [dE´Ltapmifhta&Smuf ewfokH;yg;udk xkvkyfxm;onf/ 'ó*D&d(&m0P)? ol\nD bDbDoe? r[mydEéJESifh AdóEkd;½kyfwkrsm;tjyif jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrS ajcawmf&mawmif;yefcJhaom okreewfrif;\ ½kyfwkukdyg xkvkyfxm;onf/ wpfae&mwGif ukrm&bE´&trnf&Sd ewf½kyfukd tjyma&mifcef;qD;umxm;av\/ xkdewfukd tEÅ&m,fewf[k qkdMu onf/ wpfywfvQif ESpfMudrf pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;jzifh cef;qD;ukdvS [dE´Lqkdif&mtcsuftvufrsm;ukdrl odyfr&Sif; Ekdif cJhMuay/ þae&mokdY vma&mufavhvmaom EdkifiHjcm;om;wpfa,muftzkdY Ak'¨bmomvrf;nTTefESifh [dE´Lvrf;nTTef ESpfa,mufukd wpfNyKdifeuf ac:&onf/ aevnf; apmif;cJhNyD/ pma&;olwkdYvnf; trSwfw&"mwfykHrsm;½kdufMuonf/ rufo½l;wkdYZeD;armifESHuvnf; rdrdwkdYESifh awGUqkH&onfukd vGefpGmoabmusaeav\/ 2011-ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv 24-&ufaeYwGif oifwef;NyD;qHk;um rdrdwdkYtm;vHk; ukdvHbkdNrdKU jyefvmcJhMuonf/
      vuFmwdvutrSwfw&"mwfykHrsm;ukd Munfhrd&if; uE´Doifwef;rS ykH&dyfrsm;ukd jyefvnfwl;qGaerdonf/ vuFmwdvuonf [dE´LESifhAk'¨bmomwkdY\ tvSrsm;udk vGwfvyfrI? em;vnfrIrsm;jzifh ykHazmfxm;onf/ vuFmwdvuonf a&maESmrIrsm;ukd vGwfvyfrIrsm;jzifh ykHazmfxm;ouJhodkY rdrdwkdYonfvnf; cGifhvTwfem;vnfrIrsm;? t,loDvwlrQrIrsm;jzifh nDnGwfrIrSwfwkdifudk pkdufxlEdkifcJhMuonf/ trSeftm;jzifh uE´Dt*Fvdyfpmoifwef;\ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfaom vuFmwdvuavhvma&;c&D;ukdf a&m>yrf;½IIyfaxG;rIrsm;ukd nDnGwfrIrsm;jzifh aygif;pyfxm;aom tvGrf;ykH&dyfav;rsm;tjzpf jyefvnfykHazmfvdkuf&ygonf/

t&SifpE´moD&d (omoewuúoDv"r®mp&d, (B.A.) (M.A. oD&dvuFm)
(သီရိလကၤာႏုိင္ငံ၊ ျမန္မာေက်ာင္းသားရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ား စတုတၳအႀကိမ္ထုတ္၊ လကၤာတမန္မဂၢဇင္းတြင္ ေရးသားခဲ့ေသာ ေဆာင္းပါး)